Upconversion nanoparticles demonstrate unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and disease management. However, their potential toxicity remains a considerable concern. This review aims to provide a in-depth analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It explores various as

Zinc oxide is a substance renowned for its remarkable strength to safeguard delicate skin. This calming ingredient has long been utilized in a variety of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its outstanding protective characteristics. Establishing a physical barrier on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively blocks